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Peer-Reviewed
Scientific Studies on the Effects of Magnetics on Physical Ailments
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The impact of treatment with magnetic fields on a variety of
physical ailments are presented in the following descriptions
of recent studies, published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Alzheimer's
Disease
On review, after applying external electromagnetic fields ranging
5 to 8 Hz, large improvements were detected in Alzheimer's patients.
These included improved visual memory, drawing performance,
spatial orientation, mood, short-term memory and social interactions.
R.
Sandyk, "Alzheimer's Disease: Improvement of Visual Memory
and Visuoconstructive Performance Treatment with Picotesla Range
Magnetic Fields," International Journal of Neurosci, 76(3-4),
June 1994, p. 185-225.
As generally supported, a persons biological daily clock may
causally be related to memory deterioration in Alzheimer's patients
and in the ageing. Synchronizing of the circadian rhythms using
magnetic fields, (this article suggests) could lead to improved
memory for those effected.
R.
Sandyk, et al., "Age-related Disruption of Circadian Rhythms:
Possible Relationship to Memory Impairment and Implications
for Therapy with Magnetic Fields," International Journal
of Neurosci, 59(4), August 1991, p. 259-262.
Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease)
A study of three patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
were treated with a pulsed magnetic field administered by a
Magnobiopulse apparatus. Given three times a week for approximately
75 sessions to achieve maximum benefits, all three experienced
beneficial effects.
A.
Bellosi & R. Berget, "Pulsed Magnetic Fields: A Glimmer
of Hope for Patients Suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,"
Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology
and Medicine,
8-13 June 1997, Bologna, Italy.
Ankle Sprain
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated
that treatment with two 30-minute sessions of noninvasive pulsed
radio frequency therapy is effective in significantly decreasing
the time required for edema reduction in patients suffering
from lateral ankle sprains.
A.A.
Pilla & L. Kloth, "Effect of Pulsed Radio Frequency
Therapy on Edema in Ankle Sprains: A Multisite Double-Blind
Clinical Study," Second World Congress for Electricity
and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine,
8-13 June 1997, Bologna, Italy, p. 300.
Arthritis
Three hours of exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field in this study
revealed that experimentally induced inflammation and suppressed
arthritis in rats was significantly inhibited as a result.
Y. Mizushima, et al., "Effects of Magnetic Field on Inflammation,"
Experientia, 31(12),
December 15, 1975, p.1411-1412.
Another double-blind, placebo-controlled research study on the
effects of pulsed electrical fields administered over a 4 week
period revealed significant improvement in patients receiving
the therapy relative to the controls.
J.C.
Reynolds, "The Use of Implantable Direct Current Stimulation
in Bone Grafted Foot and Ankle Arthrodeses: A Retrospective
Review," Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism
in Biology and Medicine,
8-13 June 1997, Bologna, Italy.
In this general review article on the treatment of patients
with psoriatic arthritis with magnetic fields, the authors state
that an alternating low-frequency magnetic field (30-40 mT)
from such generators as "Polius-1" and "Polius-101"
improves the clinical state of afflicted joints. Such treatments
are normally carried out for 30 minutes per day over a period
of 15 to 20 days.
V.D.
Grigor'eva, et al., "Therapeutic Use of Physical Factors
in Complex Therapy of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis,"
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (6),
1995, p. 48-51
This research studied the effects of magnetolaser therapy alone
or combined with conventional drugs in rheumatoid arthritis
patients. This treatment utilized a AMLT-01 device for magnetolaser
therapy and consisted of 14 days with 6 minute exposures daily.
An obvious improvement was seen after 3 days of treatment, with
greater improvement by patients suffering from mild to moderate
levels of the disease. End results computed into a 90 percent
patient improvement rate.
9B.Y.
Drozdovski, et al., "Use of Magnetolaser Therapy with an
AMLT-01 Apparatus in Complex Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis,"
Fiz Med, 4(1-2),
1994, p. 101-102
This study on 7 to 14 year old juveniles suffering from rheumatoid
arthritis examined effects of low-frequency magnetic fields
from a Polius-1 device. Ten daily treatment exposures of 10
to 12 minutes each was conducted on three experimental groups.
The three groups showed 58, 76, 37 percent beneficial effects
from the treatment.
E.A.
Shlyapok, et al., "Use of Alternating Low-Frequency Magnetic
Fields in Combination with Radon Baths for Treatment of Juvenile
Rheumatoid Arthritis," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz
Kult, 4,
1992, p. 13-17.
Low-frequency and constant magnetic fields in patients suffering
from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis was the focus of
this study. Patients with stages 1 & 2 rheumatoid arthritis
as well as patients with osteoarthrosis deformans, showed the
beneficial effects from treatments. These low-frequency, constant
magnetic fields were found especially beneficial to the knees,
ankles and wrists.
V.D.
Grigor'eva, et al., "Therapeutic Application of Low-Frequency
and Constant Magnetic Fields in Patients with Osteoarthritis
Deformans and Rheumatoid Arthritis," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter
Lech Fiz Kult, 4, 1980, p. 29-35.
Blepharitis (infection of the eyelid)
Study results indicated that using a magnetic ointment containing
reduced iron powder, with an alternating magnetic field had
beneficial effects with patients suffering from chronic blepharitis.
V.A.
Machekhin, et al., "A New Method for Treating Chronic Blepharitis
Using Magnetic Compounds and an Alternating Magnetic Field,"
Vestn Oftalmol, 109(4),
July-September 1993, p. 16-18.
Bone Fractures
A group of 83 adults with ununited fractures were examined for
the effects of bone grafting and pulsed electromagnetic fields
for this study. Results showed a successful healing rate of
87 percent in the original 38 patients treated with bone grafts
and PEMF for ununited fractures with wide gaps, malalignment,
and synovial pseudarthrosis. Of the 45 patients that were not
successfully treated with PEMF and had bone-grafting, when re-treated
with pulsing electromagnetic fields, achieved a 93 percent success
rate.
C.A.
Bassett, et al., "Treatment of Therapeutically Resistant
Non-unions with Bone Grafts and Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields,"
Journal of Bone Joint Surg, 64(8),
October 1982, p. 1214-1220.
Examining the effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields on 125
patients suffering from ununited fractures of the tibial diaphysis,
showed a healing success rate of 87%.
C.A.
Bassett, et al., "Treatment of Ununited Tibial Diaphyseal
Fractures with Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields," Journal
of Bone Joint Surg, 63(4),
April 1981, p. 511-523.
Results of this study showed treatment with pulsed electromagnetic
fields resulted in an overall success rate of at least 75 percent
in patients suffering from tibial lesions.
M.W.
Meskens, et al., "Treatment of Delayed Union and Nonunion
of the Tibia Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields. A Retrospective
Follow-up," Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst, 48(2),
Fall 1988, p. 170-175.
This review article makes the following observations with respect
to the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields in treating ununited
fractures, failed arthrodeses, and congenital pseudarthroses.
The treatment has been shown to be more than 90 percent effective
in adult patients. In cases where union does not occur with
PEMFs alone after approximately four months, PEMF treatment
coupled with fresh bone grafts ensures a maximum failure rate
of only 1 to 1.5 percent. For those with delayed union three
to four months following fracture, PEMFs appear to be more successful
than in patients treated with other conservative methods. For
more serious conditions, including infected nonunions, multiple
surgical failures, long-standing atrophic lesions, failed knee
arthrodeses after removal of infected prostheses, and congenital
pseudarthroses, PEMF treatment has exhibited success in most
patients.17
C.A.
Bassett, "The Development and Application of Pulsed Electromagnetic
Fields (PEMFs) for Ununited Fractures and Arthrodeses,"
Clin Plast Surg, 12(2),
April 1985, p. 259-277.
Results of this study found that 35 of 44 nonunited scaphoid
fractures 6 months or older healed in a mean time of 4.3 months
during pulsed electromagnetic field treatment using external
coils and a thumb spica cast.
G.K.
Frykman, et al., "Treatment of Nonunited Scaphoid Fractures
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Cast," Journal of Hand
Surg, 11(3),
May 1986, p. 344-349.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects
of pulsed electromagnetic fields in femoral neck fracture patients
undergoing conventional therapy. PEMF treatment was started
within two weeks of fracture, and patients were instructed to
make use of the electromagnetic device for 8 hours per day over
a 90-day period. Results showed beneficial effects relative
to controls after 18 months of follow-up.
E.
Betti, et al., "Effect of Electromagnetic Field Stimulation
on Fractures of the Femoral Neck. A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind
Study,"; Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism
in Biology and Medicine, 8-13 June 1997, Bologna, Italy.
Results of this double-blind study showed significant healing
effects of low-frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields in patients
treated with femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy for hip degenerative
arthritis.
G.
Borsalino, et al., "Electrical Stimulation of Human Femoral
Intertrochanteric Osteotomies. Double-Blind Study," Clin
Orthop, (237), December 1988, . 256-263.
In this study, 147 patients with fractures of the tibia, femur,
and humerus who had failed to benefit from surgery received
treatment with external skeletal fixation in situ and pulsed
electromagnetic fields. Results indicated an overall success
rate of 73 percent. Femur union was seen in 81 percent and tibia
union in 75 percent.
M.
Marcer, et al., "Results of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields
(PEMFs) in Ununited Fractures after External Skeletal Fixation,"
Clin Orthop, (190),
November 1984, . 260-265
This study examined the effects of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic
fields (1-1000 Hz, 4 gauss) on new bone fractures of female
patients. Results led the authors to suggest that EMF treatment
accelerates the early stages of fracture healing.
O.
Wahlstrom, "Stimulation of Fracture Healing with Electromagnetic
Fields of Extremely Low Frequency (EMF of ELF)," Clin Orthop,
(186), June 1984, . 293-301.
This study examined the preventive effects of low-frequency
pulsing electromagnetic fields against delayed union in rat
fibular osteotomies and diaphyseal tibia fractures in humans.
Results indicated such treatment modulated and accelerated fracture
union in both groups.
A.W.
Dunn & G.A. Rush, 3d, "Electrical Stimulation in
Treatment of Delayed Union and Nonunion of Fractures and Osteotomies,"
Southern Medical Journal,
77(12),December 1984, . 1530-1534.
This article discusses the cases of two children with bone malunion
following lengthening of congenitally shortened lower legs.
Pulsed sinusoidal magnetic field treatment was beneficial for
both patients.
F.
Rajewski & W. Marciniak, "Use of Magnetotherapy
for Treatment of Bone Malunion in Limb Lengthening. Preliminary
Report," Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol, 57(1-3),
1992,. 247-249.
Results of this study showed that 13 of 15 cases of long-bone
nonunion treated with pulsed electromagnetic fields in combination
with Denham external fixator united within several months.
R.B.
Simonis, et al., "The Treatment of Non-union Pulsed Electromagnetic
Fields Combined with a Denham External Fixator," Injury,
15(4),
January 1984, . 255-260.
Results of this study found electromagnetic field stimulation
to be an effective treatment for nonunion among a group of 37
French
L.
Sedel, et al., "Acceleration of Repair of Non-unions electromagnetic
Fields," Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot,
67(1), 1981, . 11-23.
Results of this study found treatment induced pulsing to be
beneficial in patients suffering from nonunions unresponsive
to surgery.>
J.C.
Mulier & F. Spaas, "Out-patient Treatment of Surgically
Resistant Non-unions Induced Pulsing Current - Clinical Results,"
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 97(4),
1980,.293-297.
In this interview with Dr. C. Andrew L. Bassett, a physician
researching the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields for the
past 30 years at Columbia University's Orthopedic Research Lab,
Dr. Bassett notes that approximately 10,000 of the 12,000-plus
orthopedic surgeons in the U.S. have used pulsed electromagnetic
fields on at least one patient. Many such surgeons haveincorporated
the therapy on a more regular basis. He estimates that a total
of at least 65,000 patients nationwide have received the treatment,
with a probable success rate of between 80 and 90 percent. Use
of the treatment has been primarily in patients suffering from
nonunited fractures, fusion failures, and pseudoarthrosis.
C.A.
Bassett, "Conversations with C. Andrew L. Bassett, M.D.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields. A Noninvasive Therapeutic Modality
for Fracture Nonunion (Interview)," Orthop. Review,
15(12)1986 781-795.
Results of this study showed pulsed electromagnetic fields to
have beneficial healing effects in patients suffering from difficult
to treat and surgically resistant bone nonunions.
35#
This review article notes that the use of pulsed electromagnetic
fields began in 1974, and that 250,000 nonunion patients have
received the treatment since. The author argues that success
rates are comparable to those of bone grafting, and that PEMF
treatment is more cost-effective and free of side effects. The
FDA approved PEMF use in 1982, although it remains widely unused
due to physician misunderstanding and lack of knowledge concerning
the treatment.
A.
Bassett, "Therapeutic Uses of Electric and Magnetic Fields
in Orthopedics,& quot; in D.O. Carpenter & S. Ayrapetyan,
(eds.), Biological Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields.
Volume II: beneficial and Harmful Effects, San Diego: Academic
Press, 1994, . 13-48.
This 7-year study examined data on more than 11,000 cases of
nonunions treated with pulsed electromagnetic fields for up
to 10 to 12 hours per day. Results indicated an overall success
rate of 75 percent.
A.A.
Goldberg, "Computer Analysis of Data on More than 11,000
Cases of Ununited Fracture Submitted for Treatment with Pulsing
Electromagnetic Fields," Bioelectrical Repair and Growth
Society, Second Annual Meeting,
20-22 September 1982, Oxford, UK, . 61.
This study examined the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic
fields (1-1000 Hz) on middle-aged female patients suffering
from fresh radius fractures. Results showed significant increases
in scintimetric activity surrounding the fracture area after
two weeks of EMF treatment relative to controls.
O.
Wahlstrom, "Electromagnetic Fields Used in the Treatment
of Fresh Fractures of the Radius," Bioelectrical Repair
and Growth Society, Second Annual Meeting,
20-22 September 1982, Oxford, UK, . 26.
This study examined the effects of constant magnetic fields
in patients suffering from fractures. Results showed that magnetic
exposure reduced pain and the onset of edema shortly after trauma.
Where edema was already present, the treatment exhibited marked
anti-inflammatory effects. The strongest beneficial effects
occurred in patients suffering from fractures of the ankle joints.
G.B.
Gromak & G.A. Lacis, "Evaluations of the Efficacy
of Using a Constant Magnetic Field in Treatment of Patients
with Traumas," in I. Detlav, (ed.), Electromagnetic Therapy
of Injuries and Diseases of the Support-Motor Apparatus. International
Collection of Papers, Riga, Latvia: Riga Medical Institute,
1987, . 88-95.<
Results of this study found that 10 hours per day of electromagnetic
stimulation (1.0-1.5 mV) produced complete union in 23 of 26
patients receiving the treatment for nonjoined fractures.
A.F.
Lynch & P. MacAuley, "Treatment of Bone Non-Union
Electromagnetic Therapy," Ir Journal of Med Sci, 154(4),
1985, . 153-155.
This review article looks at the history of pulsed electromagnetic
fields as a means of bone repair. The author argues that success
rates have been either superior or equivalent to those of surgery,
with PEMF free of side effects and risk.
C.A.L.
Bassett, "Historical Overview of PEM-Assisted Bone and
Tissue Healing, " Bioelectromagnetics Society, 10th Annual
Meeting,
19-24 June 1988, Stamford, CT, . 19.
Bronchitis;
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated
that both low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment and
treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields proved effective
in patients suffering from chronic bronchitis when coupled with
standard drug therapies. Magnetic field treatment consisted
of a total of 15 15-20-minute daily exposures.
V.M.
Iurlov, et al., "The Efficacy of the Use of Low-Frequency
Electromagnetic Fields in Chronic Bronchitis," Voen Med
Zh, 3,
1989, . 35-36.
Cancer
Results of this study found that prolonged exposure to a 7-tesla
uniform static magnetic field for a period of 64 hours inhibited
growth of three human tumor cell lines in vitro.
R.R.
Raylman, et al., "Exposure to Strong Static Magnetic Field
Slows the Growth of Human Cancer Cells in Vitro," Bioelectromagnetics,
17(5),
1996, . 358-363.
This study examined the effects of a rotational magnetic field
on a group of 51 breast cancer patients. Results showed a significant
positive response in 27 of them.
N.G.
Bakhmutskii, et al., "The Assessment of the Efficacy of
the Effect of a Rotational Magnetic Field on the Course of the
Tumor Process in Patients with Generalized Breast Cancer,"
Sov Med, (7), 1991, . 25-27.
Results of this study indicated that exposure to a rotational
magnetic field inhibited Walker's carcinoma tumor growth as
much as 90 percent in some cases.
N.G.
Bakhmutskii, et al., "The Growth Dynamics of Walker Carcinosarcoma
During Exposure to a Magnetic Eddy Field," Vopr Onkol,
37(6), 1991, . 705-708.
Results of this study indicated that pulsed magnetic field stimulation
increased the incorporation of antitumor agents into cells,
and thus increased antitumor activity shifting the cell cycle
to a proliferative from a nonproliferative phase.
Y.
Omote, "An Experimental Attempt to Potentiate Therapeutic
Effects of Combined Use of Pulsing Magnetic Fields and Antitumor
Agents," Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 89(8), August 1988,
.. 1155-1166.
Results of this study found that 20-30 sessions of magnetotherapy
administered preoperatively exhibited antitumor effects in patients
suffering from lung cancer.
L.S.
Ogorodnikova, et al., "Morphological Criteria of Lung Cancer
Regression Under the Effect of Magnetotherapy," Vopr Onkol,
26(1),
1980, . 28-34.
This study examined the effects of microwave resonance therapy
(MRT) in patients suffering from various forms of cancer. Results
showed that MRT treatment prior to surgery reduced the spread
of cancer-associated conditions and reduced the risk associated
with surgery in 87 percent of patients. MRT applied postoperatively
had beneficial effects in 68 percent.
D.V.
Miasoedov, et al., "Experience with the Use of Microwave
Resonance Therapy as a Modifying Factor in Oncological Therapy,"
Abstracts of the First All-Union Symposium with International
Participation, May 10-13, 1989, Kiev, Ukraine, .. 313-315.
Results of this study proved that the combination of weak pulsed
electromagnetic fields with antioxidant supplementation is beneficial
in the treatment of patients suffering from tongue cancer, improving
speech, pain control, and tolerance to chemotherapy.
U.
Randoll & R.M. Pangan, "The Role of Complex Biophysical-Chemical
Therapies for Cancer,"
Bioelectrochem Bioenerg, 27(3), 1992, . 341-346.
Results of this controlled study indicated that treatment with
a constant magnetic field significantly improved long-term (3-year)
survival time in patients undergoing radiation therapy for cancer
of the throat. Constant magnetic field therapy consisted of
the application of 300 mT for 30 minutes to tumor and metastasizing
regions immediately prior to each irradiation.
V.G.
Andreev, et al., "Radiomodifying Effect of a Constant Magnetic
Field in Radiation Therapy of Patients with Cancer of the Throat,"
Fizicheskaia Meditzina, 4(1-2), 1994,. 92.
Results of this Russian study indicated that the use of whole
body eddy magnetic fields, coupled with more conventional cancer
therapies (including magnetotherapy) is effective in the treatment
of patients suffering from a variety of different malignancies.
V.
Smirnova, "Anti-Tumorigenic Action of an Eddy Magnetic
Field,"
Vrach, 2, 1994, . 25-26
This article reports on the case of a 48-year-old-woman with
breast cancer who was treated successfully with magnetotherapy.
Infiltration showed a marked decrease following 30 whole body
exposures to an eddy magnetic field for 60 minutes. One metastatic
node disappeared while the size of others was reduced following
60 such exposures. A total regression of tumor and metastases
was seen following the completion of a course of 110 exposures.
N.G.
Bakhmutskii, et al., "A Case of Successful Treatment of
a Patient with Breast Cancer Using a Rotating Electromagnetic
Field," Soviet Medicine, 8, 1991, . 86-87.
This study examined the effects of whole body magnetic fields
(16.5-35 G, 50-165 Hz) on patients suffering from different
forms of cancer. Treatment consisted of 15 cycles, each 1-20
minutes in duration, and was coupled with more traditional cancer
therapies. Results showed that the magnetotherapy had overall
beneficial effects, particularly with respect to improved immune
status and postoperative recovery.
V.A.
Lubennikov, et al., "First Experience in Using a Whole-Body
Magnetic Field Exposure in Treating Cancer Patients,"
Vopr Onkol, 41(2), 1995, . 140-141.
Heart Disease
Results of this study found that the addition of magnetotherapy
to the treatment of patients suffering from ischemic heart disease
and osteochondrosis led to clinical improvements.
I.
Rodin, et al., "Use of Low-Intensity Eddy Magnetic Field
in the Treatment of Patients with Skin Lymphomas," Voen
Med Zh, 317(12), 1996, . 32-34.
Results of this study involving 23 parasystolic children found
that low-frequency magnetic field exposure improved humoral
and cellular processes involved in the regulation of cardiac
rhythm.
M.A.
Dudchenko, et al., "The Effect of Combined Treatment with
the Use of Magnetotherapy on the Systemic Hemodynamics of Patients
with Ischemic Heart Disease and Spinal Osteochondrosis,"
Lik Sprava, (5), May 1992, . 40-43.
The authors of this study report on their development of a polymagnetic
system called Avrora-MK-01 used to administer impulse magnetic
fields to diseases of the leg vessels. Results indicated positive
effects on peripheral capillaries in 75-82 percent of patients
receiving the treatment at a pre-gangrene stage.
E.M.
Vasil'eva, et al., "The Effect of a Low-frequency Magnetic
Field on Erythrocyte Membrane Function and on the Prostanoid
Level in the Blood Plasma of Children with Parasystolic Arrhythmia,"
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (2),
March-April 1994, . 18-20.
Results of this study showed exposure to low-frequency alternating
magnetic fields had beneficial effects in children with primary
arterial hypertension, as seen in the attenuation of sympathetic
and vagotonic symptoms.
Y.B.
Kirillov, et al., "Magnetotherapy in Obliterating Vascular
Diseases of the Lower Extremities," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter
Lech Fiz Kult, (3), May-June 1992, . 14-17.
This study demonstrated that traveling pulsed magnetic field
and magnetic laser treatment produced beneficial effects in
patients suffering from the initial stages of essential hypertension.
V.S.
Zadionchenko, et al., "Prognostic Criteria of the Efficacy
of Magnetic and Magnetic-laser Therapy in Patients with the
Initial Stages of Hypertension," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter
Lech Fiz Kult, (1),
January-February 1997, . 8-11.
In this article, the authors propose a new approach to treating
atherosclerosis through the alteration of biophysical properties
both intracellularly and extracellularly. Citing their own preliminary
data, they suggest atherosclerotic lesions might be selectively
resolved without harming normal blood vessels allowing the lesions
to take up the magnetically excitable submicron particles and
then applying an external alternating electromagnetic field.
R.T.
Gordon & D. Gordon, "Selective Resolution of Plaques
and Treatment of Atherosclerosis Biophysical Alteration of "Cellular"
and "Intracellular" Properties," Medical Hypotheses,
7(2),
February 1981, . 217-229.
This study examined the effects of constant MKM2-1 magnets on
essential hypertension patients. Results indicated the treatment
decreased arterial pressure in stage II patients, with magnetotherapy
being shown to produce beneficial effects on the central hemodynamics
and microcirculation.
S.G.
Ivanov, et al., "The Magnetotherapy of Hypertension Patients,"
Ter Arkh, 62(9),
1990, . 71-74.
Results from several recent studies conducted the author are
reviewed. Conclusions are that pulsed electromagnetic fields
exhibit protective effects against necrosis from acute ischemia
in rats, cerebral infarcts in rabbits, and myocardium infarcts
in rats.
R.
Cadossi, "Protective Effect of Electromagnetic Field Exposure
on Acute Soft Tissue Ischaemic Injury," Second World Congress
for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine,
8-13 June 1997, Bologna, Italy.
This study examined the effects of extremely high frequency
electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) in 93 patients suffering
ischemic heart disease. EHF treatment consisted of 10 to 15
exposures of the lower end of the sternum from a 'Yav'-1-7,1
device. Treatment was performed five times weekly for a total
of 30 minutes per day, with drug therapy being maintained during
this period. Positive results tended to occur after 5 to 6 treatment
sessions, with a good or satisfactory response being reported
in 82 of 93 patients, and lasting as long as 11 months after
hospital release.
I.E.
Ganelina, et al., "Electromagnetic Radiation of Extremely
High Frequencies in Complex Therapy for Severe Stenocardia,"
Millimetrovie Volni v Biologii I Meditcine, (4), 1994, . 17-21.
This review article concerning the clinical application of electromagnetic
fields notes that microwave therapy has been shown to improve
local circulation and vascular tone, increase the volume of
functional capillaries, lower hypertension, stimulate protein
and carbohydrate metabolism, stimulate the pituitary-adrenal
system, produce anti-inflammatory effects, and improve digestive
organ function. Studies have shown decimeter wave therapy capable
of stimulating the secretory function of the stomach, as well
as blood circulation, respiratory function, and the immune system.
Side effects have been reported in both human and animal studies.
V.V.
Orzeshkovskii, et al., "Clinical Application of Electromagnetic
Fields," in I.G. Akoevs & V.V. Tiazhelov, (eds.), Topics
of Experimental and Applied Bioelectromagnetics. A Collection
of Research Papers, Puschcino, USSR, USSR Academy of Sciences,
Biological Sciences Research Center,
1983, . 139-147.
In this study, 30 myocardial infarction patients received millimeter-wave
(MW) therapy in the form of 10 exposures of 30 minutes per day,
with a 2-day interruption after the fifth exposure. Patients
continued conventional drug treatment during the MW therapy
period. Better results were seen in those patients exposed to
the MW therapy relative to an equal number of patients receiving
conventional treatment only.
N.N.
Naumcheva, "Effect of Millimeter Waves on Ischemic Heart
Disease Patients," Millimetrovie Volni v Biologii I Meditcine,
(3), 1994, . 62-67.
This study examined the effects of millimeter wave therapy in
approximately 450 patients suffering from a variety of diseases,
including those of the musculoskeletal, digestive, pulmonary,
and nervous systems. Treatment consisted of 25-30 minutes per
day using the "Porog-1" apparatus and generally lasted
for a period of up to 10 days. Results showed positive effects
in over 87 percent of the patients.
A.P.
Dovganiuk & A.A. Minenkov, "The Use of Physical Factors
in Treating Chronic Arterial Insufficiency of the Lower Limbs,"
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (5),
1996, . 7-9.
Results of this study found that the use of magnetophore therapy
(constant magnets applied to adrenal regions 10 hours per day
for 15 days) significantly improved symptoms associated with
hypertension in about 35 percent of patients studied, with mild
improvement seen in 30 percent, and no improvement in 35 percent.
Patients receiving decimeter-band waves (460 MHz, field intensity
of 35-45 W, for 10-15 minutes per day for a total of 15 days)
experienced similar results.
V.V.
Orzheshovski, et al., "Efficacy of Decimeter-Band Waves
and Magnetophore Therapy in Patients with Hypertension,"
Vrach Delo, (1), 1982, . 65-67.
Results of this placebo-controlled study demonstrated a 76-percent
effectiveness rate for running impulse magnetic field therapy
in a group of arterial hypertensive patients. Treatment consisted
of two 25-minute exposures per day over a period of 10-20 total
exposures, at frequencies of 10 or 100 Hz and magnetic field
intensity of 3 or 10 mT.
L.L.Orlov,
et al., " Indications for Using a New Magnetotherapeutic
Method in Arterial Hypertension," Soviet Medicine, (8),
1991, . 23-24.
This study examined the efficacy of the reinfusion of autologous
blood following magnetic field exposure in hypertensive patients.
Positive effects were found in 92 percent of patients receiving
the treatment.
I.G.
Alizade, et al., "Magnetic Treatment of Autologous Blood
in the Combined Therapy of Hypertensive Patients," Vopr
Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (1),
1994, . 32-33
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects
of magnetotherapy in patients suffering from first-or second-stage
hypertension. A magnetic field of 50 Hz, 15-25 mT was applied
to acupuncture points He-Gu and Shen'-Men for 15-20 seconds
per day for a total of 9-10 days. Results: The treatment improved
headaches in 88 percent of patients, dizziness in 89 percent,
and irritability in 88 percent. In general, 95 percent of hypertensive
patients experienced beneficial effects from the treatment,
and the morbidity rate decreased twofold following one course
extended over a period of 5-6 months.
E.V.
Rolovlev, "Treatment of Essential Hypertension Patients
an Alternating Magnetic Field Puncture," All-Union Symposium:
Laser and Magnetic Therapy in Experimental and Clinical Studies,
June 16-18, 1993, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russia, . 221-223.
This placebo-controlled study examined the effects of constant
and of running magnetic fields in patients suffering from stage
II hypertension. Results found that constant magnetic fields
exhibited benefits in 68 percent of patients treated, and running
magnetic fields were helpful in 78 percent. Only 30 percent
of controls showed improvement. Constant magnetic field treatment
consisted of constant magnets applied to the inner side of the
wrist on each hand for 35-40 minutes daily over a period of
7-10 days. Running magnetic field treatment involved the use
of a "Alimp-1" apparatus for 20 minutes per day for
a total of 12-15 days.
S.G.
Ivanov, et al., "Use of Magnetic Fields in the Treatment
of Hypertensive Disease, " Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech
Fiz Kult, (3),
1993, . 67-69.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that magnetotherapy
was effective in the treatment of symptoms associated with stage
II hypertension, such as headache, dizziness, and cardiodynia.
The therapy consisted of permanent circular magnets (16 mT)
applied to the inner forearm for 30-45 minutes per day over
a period of 10 sessions.
S.G.
Ivanov, "The Comparative Efficacy of Nondrug and Drug Methods
of Treating Hypertension, " Ter Arkh, 65(1),
1993, . 44-49.
This controlled study examined the effects of magnetotherapy
in patients suffering from neurocirculatory hypotension (low
blood pressure) or hypertension (high blood pressure). Treatment
consisted of a running pulsed magnetic field generated an "ALIMP"
device (0.5 mT, 300 Hz) administered for 20 minutes per day
over a course of 10 days. Patients suffering from hypotension
did not benefit significantly from the magnetotherapy. Hypertension
patients, however, showed a marked improvement with respect
to symptoms including headache, chest pain, extremity numbness,
abnormal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and work capacity.
L.L.
Orlov, et al., "Effect of a Running Pulse Magnetic Field
on Some Humoral Indices and Physical Capacity in Patients with
Neurocirculatory Hypo- and Hypertension," Biofizika, 41(4),
1996, . 944-948.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that low-frequency,
low-intensity electrostatic fields (40-62 Hz) administered for
12-14 minutes per day helped normalize blood pressure in patients
suffering from ertension.
T.A.
Kniazeva, "The Efficacy of Low-Intensity Exposures in Hypertension,"
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 1,
1994, . 8-9.
This study examined the effects of low-frequency alternating
magnetic fields in patients suffering from arteriosclerosis
or osteoarthrosis deformans. Treatment involved 10-15 minute
daily leg exposures over a total of 15 days. Results showed
the treatment to be effective in 80 percent of arteriosclerosis
patients and 70 percent of those with osteoarthrosis formans.
A.G.
Kakulia, "The Use of Sonic Band Magnetic Fields in Various
Diseases," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 3,
1982, . 18-21.
This study examined the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields
(25 mT) in patients suffering atherosclerotic encephalopathy.
Treatment involved 10-15 minute daily exposures over a total
of 10-15 applications. Results showed clinical improvements
with respect to chest pain, vertigo, headache, and other symptoms.
S.S.
Gabrielian, et al., "Use of Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields
in the Treatment of Patients with Atherosclerotic Encephalopathy,"
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 3,
1987, . 36-39.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
This study examined the effects of alternating magnetic fields
(15-20 minutes per day over a period of 20 days) in patients
suffering from chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins,
and trophic shin ulcers. Results showed good effects in 236
of the 271 patients receiving the treatment. Thirty-four patients
reported satisfactory effects. Only one patient experienced
no effects.
E.I.
Pasynkov, et al., "Therapeutic Use of Alternating Magnetic
Field in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Diseases of
the Veins of the Lower Limbs," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech
Fiz Kult, 5,
1976, . 16-19.
This review article notes that magnetotherapy in a variety of
forms has been successfully used in the treatment of chronic
venous insufficiency and is a commonly used physical therapy
for the condition.
A.P.
Dovganiuk, "Balneologic and Physical Therapy of Chronic
Venous Insufficiency of Extremities," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter
Lech Fiz Kult, 2, 1995, . 48-49.
This study examined the effects of running impulse magnetic
fields in patients suffering from vessel obliteration diseases
of the legs. Treatment consisted of 15-20 whole body exposures
(0.5-5 mT, 1-2 Hz) lasting 15-20 minutes each. Results showed
treatment led to a significant reduction in the number of patients
experiencing leg pain while at rest. Among patients previously
unable to walk a 500-m distance, 52 percent were able to complete
the distance following treatment. Circulation improved in 75-82
percent of patients.
Y.B.
Kirillov, et al., "Magnetotherapy for Obliterative Disease
of the Vessels of the Legs," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech
Fiz Kult, 3, 1992, .. 14-17.
Dental Problems
This placebo-controlled study examined the effects of micromagnets
in the treatment of periodontal disease. Micromagnets were attached
to the skin over areas of inflammation for a period ranging
from 1 to 8 days, with the number of magnets used at once varying
from 1 to 6. The course of treatment lasted as long as 4 weeks.
Results indicated that patients receiving the micromagnet therapy
experienced earlier and more trouble-free recoveries following
oral surgery, as well as less pain relative to controls.
V.E.
Kriokshina, et al., "Use of Micromagnets in Stomatology,"
Magnitologiia, (1), 1991, . 17-20.
This controlled study examined the effects of adjunctive Diapulse
electromagnetic therapy on oral surgery recovery. Patients received
the therapy once per day beginning between 3 to 5 days prior
to oral surgery. Therapy was maintained until the point of hospital
release. Results found the therapy produced significant healing
relative to controls, who received conventional treatment only.
L.C.
Rhodes, "The Adjunctive Utilization of Diapulse Therapy
Pulsed High Peak Power Electromagnetic Energy) in Accelerating
Tissue Healing in Oral Surgery," Q National Dental Association,
40(1),
1981, . 4-11
This study found that patients suffering from various oral diseases
experienced more rapid healing when treated with both conventional
therapies and 30 minutes per day of pulsed electromagnetic fields
(5 mT, 30 Hz), as opposed to conventional therapies alone.
V.
Hillier-Kolarov & N. Pekaric-Nadj, "PEMF Therapy as
an Additional Therapy for Oral deseases,"European Bioelectromagnetics
Association, 1st Congress,
23-25 January 1992, Brussels, Belgium.
Depression
This review article examined the literature concerning the use
of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression.
Results showed the high-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation treatment to be an effective, side-effect free therapy
for depression that may hold promise for treating related psychiatric
disorders as well.
M.T.
Kirkcaldie, et al., Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Therapy
for Depression and Other Disorders," Aust N Z J Psychiatry,
31(2), April 1997, . 264-272.
Noting that there is good reason to believe the pineal gland
is a magnetosensitive system and that application of magnetic
fields in experimental animals has a similar effect to that
of acute exposure to light with respect to melatonin secretion,
the authors propose that magnetic treatment could be a beneficial
new therapy for winter depression in humans.
R.
Sandyk, et al., "Magnetic Felds and Seasonality of Affective
Illness: Implications for Therapy," International Journal
of Neurosci, 58(3-4),
June 1991, . 261-267.
This review article notes that transcranial magnetic stimulation
has been shown to elicit antidepressant effects, electically
stimulating deep regions of the brain.
C.
Haag, et al., "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. A Diagnostic
Means from Neurology as Therapy in Psychiatry?" Nervenarzt,
68(3), March 1997, . 274-278.
In this theoretical paper, the author argues that deep, low-rate
transcranial magnetic stimulation can produce therapeutic effects
equivalent to those of electroconvulsive therapy but without
the dangerous side effects.
T.
Zyss, "Will Electroconvulsive Therapy Induce Seizures:
Magnetic Brain Stimulation as Hypothesis of a New Psychiatric
Therapy," Psychiatr Pol, 26(6),
November-December 1992, . 531-541.
This study examined the effects of millimeter wave (MW) therapy
as a supplemental treatment in patients suffering from various
types of depression. MW therapy involved the use of a "Yav'-1"
apparatus (5.6 mm wavelength, 53 GHz), and consisted of up to
60 minutes of exposure per day, 2 to 3 times per week, for a
total of as many as 15 exposures. Results showed that combined
MW/conventional treatment produced a complete recovery in over
50 percent of cases studied, a significant improvement in 41
percent, and some improvement in 8 percent. Recovery rates among
controls (conventional treatment only) were 4, 48, and 41 percent,
respectively.
G.V.
Morozov, et al., "Treatment of Neurotic Depression with
a Help of Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation,"
Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova, 96(6),
1996, . 28-31.
Results of this study led researchers to conclude that patients
suffering from major depression experienced a significant reduction
of depressive symptoms following treatment with transcranial
magnetic stimulation coupled with standard medication relative
to patients taking the medicine. This was true after just three
TMS treatments.
Conca,
et al., "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Novel Antidepressive
Strategy?" Neuropsychobiology, 34(4),
1996, . 204-207.
Dermatitis
This study examined the effects of conventional treatments combined
with millimeter wave (MW) therapy (54- to 70-GHz frequency,
8-15 daily exposures of 15-30 minutes each) on patients suffering
from atopic dermatitis. Results indicated that the MW therapy
was well-tolerated all patients, with the rash generally regressing
after 7-8 exposures. Marked recovery was seen among 78 percent
of patients receiving the combination treatments. Two-year follow-up
showed a 23-percent relapse rate among combination patients,
compared to 54 percent among ontrols.
V.P.
Adaskevich, "Effectiveness of the Use of Millimeter-Range
Electromagnetic Radiation in Complex Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Patients," Millimetrovie Volni v Biologii I Meditcine,
(3), 1994, . 78-81
Diabetes
In this study, 320 diabetics received impulsed magnetic field
treatment while 100 diabetics (controls) received conservative
therapy alone. Results showed beneficial effects with respect
to vascular complications in 74 percent of the patients receiving
magnetotherapy combined with conservative methods, compared
to a 28-percent effectiveness rate among controls.
I.B.
Kirillovm, et al., "Magentotherapy in the Comprehensive
Treatment of Vascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus,"
Klin Med, 74(5), 1996, . 39-41.
This study involving 72 diabetics with purulent wounds found
that magnetic fields aided healing significantly.
R.A.
Kuliev & R.F. Babaev, "A Magnetic Field in the Combined
Treatment of Suppurative Wounds in Diabetes Mellitus,"
Vestn Khir Im I I Grek, 148(1),
January 1992, . 33-36.
Diseases of the Larynx
Results of this study found that alternative magnetic field
of sound frequency proved to be an effective treatment in patients
suffering from acute inflammatory diseases of the larynx.
D.I.
Tarasov, et al., "Effectiveness of Local Magnetic Field
of the Acoustic Frequency in the Treatment of Patients with
Acute Inflammatory Diseases of the Larynx," Vestn Otorinolaringol,
(6),
November-December 1995, . 11-15.
Duchenne-Erb Disease
This study examined the effects of electromagnetic fields in
the treatment of 5-year-old children suffering from Duchenne-Erb
disease. Children were exposed to either UHF or DMW therapy
for 8-12 minutes per day on alternating days over a period of
approximately 10 days. Following the electromagnetic fields
course, children received mud applications on the collar area
and injured extremity. Results showed that treatment decreased
contractures in shoulder and elbow joints, increased mobility
and muscle strength, and improved general function of the arm.
A.D.
Burigina, et al., "Electromagnetic Waves in Complex Therapy
of Children with Birth Trauma: Effects of Ultra-High-Frequency
Electric Fields on Central Hemodynamics and the Shoulder Plexus,"
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (4),
1992, 35-38.
Endometriosis
This study found that a combined treatment consisting of magnetic-infrared-laser
therapy (10-15 min/day ever other day over a period of 10-14
exposures, then repeated in 2-3 months) and conventional drug
therapy proved highly effective in women suffering from endometriosis.
M.
Damirov, et al., "Magnetic-Infared-Laser Therapeutic Apparatus
(MILTA) in Treatment of Patients with Endometriosis," Vrach,
12, 1994, . 17-19.
Endometritis
Results of this study found that the administration of constant
magnetic field in combination with other treatment modalities
led to significant beneficial effects in patients suffering
from acute endometritis following abortion.
V.M.
Strugatskii, et al., "A Permanent Magnetic Field in the
Combined Treatment of Acute Endometritis After an Artificial
Abortion," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (6), November-December
1996, . 21-24.
Epilepsy
This article reports on the cases of three patients with partial
seizures who received treatment with external artificial magnetic
fields of low intensity. Such treatment led to a significant
attenuation of seizure frequency over a 10-14-month period.
P.A.
Anninos, et al., "Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment
of Partial Seizures," International Journal of Neurosci,
60(3-4),
October 1991, . 141-171.
Experimental results indicated that the administration of modulated
electromagnetic fields of 2-30 Hz suppressed epilepsy in rats.
G.D.
Antimonii & R.A. Salamov, "Action of a Modulated Electromagnetic
Field on Experimentally Induced Epileptiform Brain Activity
in Rats," Biull Eksp Biol Med, 89(2),
February 1980, .
This review article cites one study in particular in which results
showed that pretreatment with 30 minutes of exposure to a 75-mT
pole strength, DC-powered magnetic field significantly prevented
experimentally induced seizures in mice.
M.J.
McLean, et al., "Therapeutic Efficacy of a Static Magnetic
Device in Three Animal Seizure Models: Summary of Experience,"
Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology
and Medicine, 8-13 June 1997, Bologna, Italy.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects
of 2-hour exposure to weak magnetic fields (0.2-0.7 G, irregularly
oscillating 0.026-0.067 Hz) produced 3 pairs of orthogonal Helmholtz
coils on pain perception in healthy subjects. Results showed
that magnetic treatment significantly reduced the perception
of pain.
F.
Sartucci, et al., "Human Exposure to Oscillating Magnetic
Fields Produces Changes in Pain Perception and Pain-Related
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials," Second World Congress
for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, 8-13
June 1997, Bologna, Italy.
This article reports on the case of a severe epileptic who experienced
a significant lessening of behavior disturbances and seizure
frequency following treatment with low-frequency, external artificial
magnetic fields.
R.
Sandyk & P.A. Anninos, "Magnetic Fields Alter the Circadian
Periodicity of Seizures," International Journal of Neurosci,
63(3-4), April 1992, . 265-274.
Low-frequency, external artificial magnetic field treatment
was shown to significantly reduce seizures in four adult epileptic
cases.
R.
Sandyk & P.A. Anninos, "Attenuation of Epilepsy with
Application of External Magnetic Fields: A Case Report,"
International Journal of Neurosci, 66(1-2),
September 1992, . 75-85.
Gastroduodenitis
Results of this study indicated that treatment with decimeter-band
electromagnetic fields improved motor function of the stomach
and reduced dyspepsia and pain in children suffering from chronic
gastroduodenitis. Treatment made use of the "Romashka"
apparatus (a cylinder applicator, 100 mm in diameter, power
of 6-8 W) applied to the gastroduodenal region, and consisted
of 6-12 minute exposures every other day for a total of 8-12
exposures.
L.M.
Petrukhina, et al., "Effect of a Decimeter Wave Electromagnetic
Fields on the Motor Function of the Stomach in Children with
Strong Gastroduodenitis," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz
Kult, (1),
1987, . 54-56.
This controlled study examined the effects of sinusoidally modulated
currents (100 Hz) coupled with conventional therapy in children
suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis. Children received 8-10
exposures lasting between 6 and 10 minutes. Results showed that
the treatment reduced inflammation in 72 percent of patients
relative to just a 45-percent rate among controls. About 77
percent of treatment patients experienced elimination of gastro-esophageal
and duodeno-gastral refluxes, compared to 29 percent of controls.
O.V.
Bukanovich, et al., "Sinusoidally-Modulated Currents in
the Therapy of Chronic Gastroduodenitis in Children," Vopr
Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 2, 1996, . 22-26.
General
Results of this study indicated that the optimal frequency of
pulsed magnetic fields ranges between 10.0 and 25.0 Hz in the
treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions of the locomotor
apparatus, ischemia of the blood vessels of the lower extremities,
dyspeptic syndrome, lactation mastitis, and other diseases.
Treatment proved best when the therapeutic cycle was repeated
after a 2-3 month period.
L.
Navratil, et al., "Possible Therapeutic Applications of
Pulsed Magnetic Fields," Cas Lek Cesk, 132(19),
October 11, 1993, . 590-594.
This article reviews the use of magnetotherapy in Czechoslovakia.
Noting that this modality has been used for more than a decade,
the author states that magnetotherapy has been shown to be effective
in treating rheumatic diseases, sinusitis, enuresis, and ischemic
disorders of the lower extremities. Positive findings have also
been shown with respect to multiple sclerosis and degenerative
diseases of the retina.
J.
Jerabek, "Pulsed Magnetotherapy in Czechoslovakia--A Review,"
Rev Environ Health, 10(2), April-June 1994, . 127-134.
This review article notes that pulse-type electromagnetic fields
(PEMF) are the most frequently used type of electromagnetic
therapy. Another form is pulsed radio frequency; PRF therapy
generally includes daily sessions of 30-minute exposure and
is primarily used in cases of pain and edema, with results being
apparent quickly when the therapy is effective. PEMF treatment
is most successful when used in bone healing, with results occurring
over a longer period of time.
A.A.
Pilla, "State of the Art in Electromagnetic Therapeutics:
Soft Tissue Applications," Second World Congress for Electricity
and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, 8-13 June 1997, Bologna,
Italy.
This study examined the effects of electromagnetic fields administered
over a period of 10 days on 354 patients suffering from various
orthopedic conditions. Results showed the effects to be positive,
with the greatest benefit experienced among patients with acute
lesions.
G.
Annaratone, et al., "Magnetotherapy in Clinical and Ambulatory
Practice," Minerva Med, 74(14-15), April 7, 1983, . 823-833.
Noting that beneficial effects of low-energy, time-varying magnetic
fields have been shown since the early 1970s, this review article
cites studies pointing to its success in the treatment of a
wide range of conditions. The best results for this modality
obtained in the area of bone healing.
C.A.
Bassett, "Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Therapeutic
Uses of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs), " Crit Rev
Biomed Eng, 17(5), 1989, . 451-529.
This review article claims that over a quarter of a million
patients worldwide with chronically ununited fractures have
experienced beneficial results from treatment with pulsed electromagnetic
fields. In addition, the author cites studies pointing to the
treatment's efficacy with respect to other conditions such as
nerve regeneration, wound healing, graft behavior, diabetes,
heart attack, and stroke.
C.A.
Bassett, "Beneficial Effects of Electromagnetic Fields,"
Journal of Cell Biochem, 51(4), April 1993, p. 387-393.
This review article notes that low-intensity millimeter waves
have been used for treating a wide variety of medical conditions
in the former Soviet Union since 1977, with more than a million
patients treated and more than a thousand treatment centers
in existence. This therapy has been approved for widespread
use the Russian Ministry of Health, and over 300 scientific
publications have described its effects. A typical course of
treatment involves 10-15 daily exposures ranging from 15 to
60 minutes each.
A.G.
Pakhomov, "Millimeter Wave Medicine in Russia: A Review
of Literature," Infrared Lasers and Millimeter Waves Workshop:
The Links Between Microwaves and Laser Optics,
January 21-22, 1997, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas.
This study concluded that the use of millimeter wave (MW) therapy
was effective in the treatment of both children and adults suffering
from a variety of orthopedic diseases, including osteochondrosis,
arthrosis, infantile cerebral paralysis, Perthes' disease, and
inborn femur dislocation. MW therapy made use of the G4-142
apparatus (55-65 GHz). Exposure was for 15-30 minutes in children
or 30-60 minutes in adults over a period of 10-12 total exposures.
S.D.
Schvchenko, et al., "Experience with Treating Some Orthopedic
Diseases with Millimeter Range Radiation of Nonthermal Intensity,"
Millimeter Waves in Medicine and Biology. Digest of Papers of
the 11th Russian Symposium with International Participation,
April 21-24, 1997, Zvenigorod, Moscow Region, Russia, p. 33-35.
139. A.M.
This research examined the effects of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic
fields on patients suffering from a wide range of disorders,
including musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders,
circulatory diseases, traumatic disorders, gastroenterological
problems, and stress-related morbidity. Treatment made use of
the Rhumart apparatus, which produced waveforms with peak amplitudes
up to 30 G. Results, based on the patients' own subjective ratings,
indicated the treatment to be beneficial across most conditions,
with the strongest effects seen in those suffering from musculoskeletal
and traumatic disorders.
Begue-Simon
& R.A. Drolet, "Clinical Assessment of the Rhumart
System based on the Use of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields with
Low Frequency," International Journal of Rehabil Research,
16(4),
1993, p. 323-327.
This review article summarizes findings presented at the Third
Workshop on the use of low-intensity millimeter waves in medicine,
held in Zvenigorod, Moscow Region, Russia. Such findings pointed
to the efficacy of MW therapy with respect to alcoholism and
its associated symptoms, gastric and duodenal ulcers, psoriasis,
chronic furunculosis, and cardiovascular diseases.
Y.L.
Arzumanov, "An Overview of the Third Workshop 'Use of Millimeter
Waves in Medicine,'" Millimetrovie Volni v Biologii i Meditcine,
(3), 1994, p. 104-107.
This study examined the effects of magnetotherapy on patients
suffering from a variety of eye and brain vascular disorders.
Treatment made use of the "Polius-1" apparatus (50
Hz), with most patients receiving a course of 15-20 daily exposures.
Results showed overall general improvements in 95 percent of
patients with eye diseases.
N.
Gilinskaya & L.V. Zobina, "Magnetic Field Application
for the Treatment of Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Eyes,"
in Y.A. Kholodov & N.N. Lebedeva (eds.), Problems of Electromagnetic
Neurobiology, Moscow, Nauka,
1988, p. 94-98.
This review article notes that low-frequency electromagnetic
therapy has been used for a variety of purposes. Those specifically
identified the author include cell growth promotion, pain reduction,
improved blood circulation, bone repair, increased wound healing,
sedative effects, enhanced sleep, and arthritic relief.
R.A.
Drolet, "Rhumart Therapy: A Non-invasive Cell Regeneration
Ion and Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Using LF-EM Fields,"
Bioelectromagnetics Society, 4th Annual Meeting,
28 June-2 July 1982, Los Angeles, CA, p. 45.
This review article notes that treatment with an "Infita"
apparatus, used to deliver low-frequency magnetic fields, has
been shown to improve general hemodynamics and microcirculation
in addition to exhibiting anti-inflammatory, sedative, and analgesic
effects in Olympic-level Russian athletes.
A.
Zaslavskii, et al., "A Low-frequency Impulse Apparatus
for Physical Therapy 'Infita'," Med Tehk, 5,
1994, p. 39-41.
This review article cites studies pointing to the efficacy of
low-frequency magnetic fields in the treatment of a wide variety
of conditions, including burns, arthritis, fractures, arterial
aneurysms, PMS, phantom pain, tuberculosis, ischemic heart disease,
hypertension, bronchial asthma, and ulcerated varicose veins,
among others.
V.M.
Bogoliubov & L.A. Skurikhina, "Therapeutic Application
of Constant and Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields," Vopr Kurortol
Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (2),
1979, p. 65-72.
This study examined the effects of extremely-low-frequency magnetic
fields (TAMMAT device) in the treatment of a group of 650 patients
suffering from a host of various diseases. Treatment consisted
15-25 minute daily exposures 5 days per week over a total of
20-25 days. Most patients experienced improvements after 2-3
exposures. Marked improvements were seen with respect to analgesic,
anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immune-enhancing effects.
V.I.
Kovalchuk, et al., "Use of Extremely-Low-Frequency Magnetic
Fields in Clinical Practice," Fizicheskaia Meditzina, 4(1-2),
1994, p. 87
This article reports on the efficacy of a Russian electromagnetic
stimulation apparatus termed "Cascade." The authors
state that data from 508 patients suffering from various ailments
who were treated with the device indicate it to be anywhere
from 75 to 100 percent effective. Examples of conditions in
which the device was used include stubborn fractures, post-traumatic
contractures, crush syndrome, and Perthes' disease.
S.A.
Schastnyi, et al., "A Contact-Free, Biologically Adequate
Electromagnetic Stimulation of Repair Regeneration of Osseous,
Cartilaginous, and Muscular Tissues in Children," Vestn
Ross Akad Med Nauk, (3), 1994, p. 38-42.
This review article on the use of pulsed magnetotherapy in Czechoslovakia
points to its efficacy across a variety of conditions, including
joint problems, enuresis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and
carpal tunnel syndrome.
J.
Jerabek, "Pulsed Magnetotherapy in Czechoslovakia: A Review,"
First World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology
and Medicine,
14-19 June 1992, Lake Buena Vista, FL, p. 81.
Glaucoma
In this study, patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with
compensated intraocular pressure were administered magnetotherapy
using an ATOS device with 33-mT magnetic field induction. The
procedure was administered to a patient in a sitting posture
with a magnetic inductor held before the eye. Sessions lasted
10 minutes and each course included 10 sessions. Following 4-5
months of therapy, results showed improved vision acuity 0.16
diopters, on an average of 29 out of 30 eyes with vision acuity
below 1.0.
Bisvas,
et al., "Possibilities of Magnetotherapy in Stabilization
of Visual Function in Patients with Glaucoma," Vestn Oftalmol,
112(1),
Jauary-March 1996, p. 6-8.
Hair Loss
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects
of pulsed electromagnetic fields on hair loss in men suffering
from male pattern baldness. PEMF exposures were administered
to the head for 12 minutes and were given weekly or twice weekly
over a period of 36 weeks. Results found the PEMF treatment
both prevented hair loss and promoted regrowth without side
effects.
W.S.
Maddin, et al., "The Biological Effects of a Pulsed Electrostatic
with Specific Reference to Hair: Electrotrichogenesis,"
International Journal of Dermatology, 29(6), 1990, p. 446-450.
Headache
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated
that the administration of a pulsed magnetic field for less
than one hour to headache patients produced significant beneficial
effects, as shown subjective patient reports, as well as EEG
activity.
O.
Grunner, et al., "Cerebral Use of a Pulsating Magnetic
Field in Neuropsychiatry Patients with Long-term Headache,"
EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Verwandte Geb, 16(4),
December 1985, p. 227-230
This article reports on the case of an acute migraine patient
who was successfully treated with external magnetic fields.
R.
Sandyk, "The Influence of the Pineal Gland on Migraine
and Cluster Headaches and Effects of Treatment with picoTesla
Magnetic Fields," International Journal of Neurosci, 67(1-4),
November-December 1992, p. 145-171.
This article examined the effects of millimeter wave therapy
in the treatment of 107 patients suffering from headaches of
varying causes. Treatment consisted of the Nao-Hu, Bai-Huei,
and Hua-Chai acupuncture points being exposed to 5.6- and 4.9-mm
wavelengths via the use of "Yav'-1-5.6" or "Electronka-KVCh"
devices, respectively. Exposure lasted up to 60 minutes per
day over a course of 10 days. All patients experienced positive
results following 3-5 exposures. After one year, 48 percent
of patients remained free of headaches, with a significant decrease
in another 41 percent.
B.M.
Popov & T.A. Al'shanskaya, "Use of Traditional and
Non-traditional Methods in the Treatment of Headache,"
Millimeter Waves in Medicine and Biology. Digest of Papers of
the 11th Russian Symposium with International Participation,
April 21-24, 1997, Zvenigorod, Moscow Region, Russia, p. 68-71.
This study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields
(20 minutes per day for 15 days) in the treatment of patients
suffering from chronic headaches. Results indicated the treatment
to be most effective in patients suffering from tension headaches,
with 88 percent of such patients reporting positive results.
Beneficial results were also experienced patients suffering
from migraines (60 percent), cervical migraines (68 percent),
and psychogenic headaches (60 percent).
A.
Prusinski, et al., "Pulsating Electromagnetic Field in
the Therapy of Headache," Hungarian Symposium on Magnetotherapy,
2nd Symposium,
May 16-17, 1987, Szekesfehervar, Hungary, p. 163-166.
In this study, 90 headache patients were treated with pulsating
electromagnetic fields via large coils to the body for 20 minutes
per day for a total of 15 days. Results found the treatment
to be either excellent or good for those patients suffering
from migraine, tension, and/or cervical headaches. Patients
experiencing post-traumatic or cluster headaches did not experience
such benefits.
A.
Prusinksi, et al., "Pulsating Electromagnetic Field in
the Therapy of Headache," Journal of Bioelectr., 7(1),
1988, p. 127-128.
Results of this study indicated that pulsating electromagnetic
fields (12 Hz and 5 mT) were an effective prophylactic treatment
for patients suffering from cervical and migraine headaches.
J.
Giczi & A. Guseo, "Treatment of Headache Pulsating
Electromagnetic Field a Preliminary Report," Hungarian
Symposium on Magnetotherapy, 2nd Symposium,
May 16-17, 1987, Szekesfehervar, Hungary, p. 74-76.
This placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined the effects
of pulsed electromagnetic fields (2-5 Hz and flux densities
of 3-4 mT) on patients suffering from migraine headaches. PEMFs
were administered to the head for 10-15 minutes per day over
a period of 30 days. Results showed a mean improvement level
of 66 percent in patients receiving the treatment, compared
to just 23 percent among controls.
L.
Lazar & A. Farago, "Experiences of Patients Suffering
from Migraine-Type Headache Treated with Magnetotherapy,"
Hungarian Symposium on Magnetotherapy, 2nd Symposium,
May 16-17, 1987, Szekesfehervar, Hungary, p. 137-140.
Hemophilia
In this study, hemophiliacs suffering from joint hemorrhage
received millimeter wave (MW) therapy at biologically active
points beginning on the first day of hospital release. Adults
were treated with an "Electronica-KVCh" device (61
GHz, 5 mW maximum power) and children were treated with a "Porog"
device, which generates low-intensity wide-band MMW noise. Exposures
in both groups lasted for 20-25 minutes per day and were extended
over a period of 10 days. Results indicated the treatment to
be more effective than conventional therapy with respect to
alleviation of pain, need for medication, and other parameters.
V.V.
Aleschenko & I.O. Pisanko, "EHF-Therapy for Hemophylic
Arthropathy and Hemarthroses of the Knee Joint,"Millimeter
Waves in Medicine and Biology. Digest of Papers of the 10th
Russian Symposium with International Participation,
April 24-26, Moscow, Russia, 1995, p. 61-63.
Hepatitis
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects
of millimeter wave therapy combined with conventional methods
in the treatment of viral hepatitis in children. Making use
of a "Yav'-1-5,6" or "Yav'-1-7,7" device,
MW therapy involved 14-15 exposures of, on average, 30 minutes
per day at wavelengths of either 5.6 or 7.1 mm. Results indicated
the combined treatment to be more effective than conventional
treatment only, leading to a more rapid restoration of liver
function.
A.A.
Shul'diakov, et al., "Electromagnetic Radiation of Millimeter
Range in Treatment of Children with Acute Viral Hepatitis,"
Millimeter Waves in Medicine and Biology, 10th Russian Symposium
with International Participation,
April 24-26, 1995, Moscow, Russia, p. 21-23.
Results of this study showed that the use of magnetic fields
was effective in treating patients suffering from viral hepatitis
who had previously not benefited from conventional drug therapies.
I.A.
Il'inskii, et al., "Experience with the Use of Glucocorticosteroids
and Magnetic Fields in the Intensive Therapy of Severe Forms
of Viral Hepatitis," Soviet Medicine, 9,
1978, p. 72-74.
This study examined the effects of magnetotherapy in children
suffering from various forms of viral hepatitis. Magnetotherapy
consisted of alternating magnetic fields applied to the liver
area daily over a total of 10-15 days. Results indicated magnetotherapy
led to more rapid and trouble-free recovery.
V.V.
Krasnov & A.I. Shilenok, "Magnetotherapy of Hepatitis
A and B in Children," Pediatriia, 10,
1991, p. 54-57.
Herniated Disk
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects
of magnetotherapy in patients following herniated disk surgery.
Results showed that 52 percent of patients receiving the treatment
compared to 30 percent of controls reported being free of symptoms
at the time of hospital release.
K.
Perjes, et al., "Effect of Magnetotherapy on Recovery After
Herniated Disk Surgery," Hungarian Symposium on Magnetotherapy,
2nd Symposium,
May 16-17, 1987, Szekesfehervar, Hungary, p. 159-162.
Hip Problems
This double-blind study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic
fields on loosened hip prostheses. Results showed an increase
of bone density in all patients receiving PEMF treatment compared
to only 60 percent of controls. The authors argue such findings
suggest PEMF elicits early bone reconstruction, which enhances
early weight bearing.
G.
Gualtieri, et al., "The Effect Pulsed Electromagnetic Field
Stimulation on Patients Treated of Hip Revesions with Trans-Femoral
Approach," Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism
in Biology and Medicine,
8-13 June 1997, Bologna, Italy.
This study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields
(50 Hz, 50 G) in treating aseptic loosening of total hip prostheses.
PEMF therapy consisted of 20 minutes per day for 6 days per
week over a total of 20 such sessions and was begun, on average,
a year and a half following the start of loosening. Results
showed PEMF to have some beneficial effects with respect to
loosened hip arthroplasties, although it was not effective in
patients suffering severe pain due to extreme loosening.
K.
Konrad, "Therapy with Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in
Aseptic Loosening of Total Hip Protheses: A Prospective Study,"
Clinical Rheumatology, 15(4), 1996, p. 325-328.
Joint Disease
Results of this 11-year study involving 3014 patien
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